how to grow beans
By growing green beans of the Runner and Pole variety you will have an abundance of fresh nutritious food. They arrived from South America not long after the French bean and were initially grown for their looks - what a waste. We now enjoy growing green beans for looks and healthy eating.
In Britain they are called Runner beans and in the USA - Pole beans. But in Britain they are one of our favourite home grown beans and can be seen in summer growing up cane wigwams or clambering through netting or indeed any structure that allows this delicious vegetable to entwine itself. When growing green beans a 3.6M row can produce upwards of 27Kg of beans from August to the first frosts of winter.
Remember - growing green beans of this type is easy to learn but don`t treat it as an easy plant to grow. The ground will need to be prepared in winter, regular watering in summer… especially in dry weather and when the pods are forming. During harvesting in late summer - do not - let any pods reach maturity as this will stop the flowers from forming. So picking very regularly is essential for continual vegetable production - be a good neighbour and give some away.
Growing Green Beans (Runner/Pole) - Soil Details
Runner or Pole beans must have a rich and deeply dug soil (pH6.5-7.0) in a shelterd part of the garden, lime if necessary in late winter as acid conditions are undesirable. Foliage is dense and so wind damage could occur if too exposed - also ensure that the shade cast by these plants will not be a problem. They will tolerate some shade but full sun is prefered.
If you are growing green beans of this type in a row, dig a trench during the autumn or winter 45cm wide to a spade`s depth. Dig plenty of well rotted compost or manure into the soil in the bottom of the trench - this will ensure the vegetable plants will get all the nutrients and trace elements they need as well as helping to retain moisture around the roots. If your growing your Runner or Pole beans up a wigwam dig the compost or manure into a large circle of ground over which you your wigwam will be erected.
Two weeks before sowing or planting rake in a general fertiliser.
Growing Green Beans (Runner/Pole)
Runner or Pole beans are easily damaged by frosts. To minimise this when growing green beans sow their seeds indoors in a light airy place or in the greenhouse. Sow the seeds into pots - one bean per pot - in April and harden off for planting out in late May or June.
The usual method of growing green beans is to sow them outdoors when all danger of frosts is past:
End of May in the South of Britain
During June in the North of Britain
First erect a structure of poles(bamboo canes - I use 2.4M canes) for your bean plants to grow up. Form a double row of poles 45cm wide along the length of your prepared bed and push the poles into the ground 25cm apart. Draw each opposite pair of poles together and tie them about 15cm from the top. Insert a pole horizontally in the V shapes that are made by doing this and tie this pole in, this creates a stabalising ridge pole. If you grow more than one double row leave 1.5M between double rows.
Use a wigwam structure if space is short. Place a single pole at the centre then measure 40cm out from the pole in the north, south, west and east directions and push a pole into the ground at each point. Then measure again from the central pole 40cm to each point in between the four you have just done - pushing a pole into the ground at each point. Draw all the poles at the top to the centre around the central pole and tie them together about 15cm from the top - a large cable tie from you DIY store is good for this. This will give you 9 poles to grow your Runner beans up - enough for a sizeable harvest.
Make a hole at the base of each pole 5cm deep and pop in a single seed, then cover the seed with soil. Sow a few extra seeds at the ends of each row to use as transplants for any that fail to germinate along your rows.
When growing green beans a second sowing in June in mild areas will give a welcome crop in October.
To further ensure your success at growing green beans, purchase seedling plants from your nursery or garden centre. When all signs of frost has passed plant them out along your rows of poles or around your wigwam structure. This method is strongly recommended if you live in cold areas.
Water your seeds or seedlings on completion.
Growing Green Beans (Runner/Pole) - Caring for You Plants
If you did the ground work by preparing properly prior to planting these vegetables then there is little else to do.
Gently tie the young shoots to the poles they will then begin to climb
Hoe to keep the weeds down
Mulch to give extra feed and conserve moisture - this will also keep weeds at bay
Remove the growing tips once the plants have grown to the top of the support poles
At the end of the growing season dig in the roots of your Runner beans as they will make excellent nitrogen fertiliser. The roots have the capability to extract nitrogen from the air and store or `fix` it in small nodules on their roots. So don`t feed the your bean plants with excesive nitrogen
Growing Green Beans (Runner/Pole) - Pest Control
Black bean aphids adore beans - keep a diligent watch for their appearance. A serious infestation will badly stunt plant growth. Check over the leaves and stems of your vegetables, especially the tender growing tips… gently squish any colonies you find.
When watering your French beans with a hose try knocking the aphids off with the spray - this can be effective. Also try growing flowers like Tagetes or Marigolds in between rows to attract beneficial insects like hoverflies and lady birds which love to eat blackfly
Slugs can also be a problem and can be dealt with using a combination of different methods.
Go into your vegetable garden at night with a torch and collect the slugs by hand - they can be disposed of by placing in a box containing salt.
Place barriers around the plants… something rough that makes it difficult for them to slither on - like egg shells or sand. Or cover your seedlings with plastic bottles with both ends cut off and pressed into the soil over them.
Nematodes are a very effective way to kill slugs without harming people or wildlife and is becoming a popular method of control. Nematodes are naturally occuring organisms which can`t be seen by the human eye. Sold in packets - purchase them at garden centre or nursery, place the the contents as directed into a watering can, add water then apply to your vegetable garden. These little darlings then enter the slugs and kill them. They go on being effective in the soil for about six weeks.
Slug pellets are effective but need to be used sparingly as they can be a danger to wildlife because the chemicals metaldehyde or methiocarb they contain.
Halo Blight is a disease that there is no cure for. Small brown spots appear on the leaves and each one is surrounded by a yellow `halo`. Unfortunately this causes plants to produce fewer beans and the plants themselves become stunted.
To minimise blight problems don`t soak seeds before planting - the blight is in the seed. Use only seed purchased from a reputable source - your friend might have meant well when sharing his saved seed from last year - I personally would not take the chance.
Dig up infected plants and destroy.
Growing Green Beans (Runner/Pole) - Harvesting
Harvesting can begin in July but the main months are August to October. Aim to harvest this vegetable when young, tender and succulent not to show off some monster that have strings in them like old rope.
Pick regularly once the pods have reached a decent length of 15-20cm but ensure they are picked before the beans inside begin to swell. By doing this - it may mean picking every day or two - the harvest period can go on for 6-8 weeks. Production will stop if you allow even a few to ripen.
If you have a glut of green beans then freeze some, give some away or compost them - I know… it does`nt bear thinking about - but the point is… don`t stop picking. They will also stay fresh in the refrigerator if sealed in a plastic bag for up to a week, or in an open container in the kitchen for 3-4 days.
Tags: beans, growing, how to grow beans-pole beans, How to store, pole beans
